Night to his Day Analysis

Application of Epidemiology to Obesity Essay Example

Application of Epidemiology to Obesity Essay Example Application of Epidemiology to Obesity Essay Application of Epidemiology to Obesity Essay Fleshiness has been defined as a status in which extra organic structure fat has accumulated to an extent that wellness may be adversely affected. The categorization of corpulence and fleshiness allows the designation of persons and groups at increased hazard of morbidity and premature mortality. 1. Analyze the fleshiness job in the U. S. as compared to another developed state in which the fleshiness job is non as important. Include factors such as age. gender. race. socioeconomic position. and matrimonial position in your analysis. Speculate the ground why the rate of fleshiness is higher in the U. S. than the other state. Obesity has been such a battle for Americans since the early 1980s. Harmonizing to Fleming. major attempt to cut down the proportion of members who are fleshy or fleshiness involves a strategic program ( Fleming. 2008 ) . Fleshiness varies by age. gender. and by race-ethnic groups. A higher organic structure weight is associated with an increased incidence of a figure of conditions. including diabetes mellitus. cardiovascular disease. and nonalcoholic fatso liver disease. and with an increased hazard of disablement. Obesity is associated with a modestly increased hazard of all-cause mortality. However. the net consequence of corpulence and fleshiness on morbidity and mortality is hard to quantify. It is likely that a gene-environment interaction. in which genetically susceptible persons respond to an environment with increased handiness of toothsome energy-dense nutrients and decreased chances for energy outgo. contributes to the current high prevalence of fleshiness ( The Epidemiology of Obesity. 2007 ) . The United States is non entirely in sing additions in the prevalence of fleshiness. Similar additions have been reported from a figure of other states and parts of the universe. For illustration. in England. the prevalence of fleshiness ( BMI is greater than or equal to 30 ) among adult females 25–34 old ages of age increased from 12 % to 24 % in merely 9 old ages between 1993 and 2002. In Portugal. additions in fleshy among school-age kids besides have been found. Less-developed states besides have seen additions in fleshiness ( The Epidemiology of Obesity. 2007 ) . Among preschool-age kids in urban countries of China. the prevalence of fleshiness increased from 1. 5 % in 1989 to 12. 6 % in 1997 ( The Epidemiology of Obesity. 2007 ) . Differences in the prevalence of fleshiness between states in Europe or between race-ethnic groups in the United States tend to be more marked for adult females than for work forces. For illustration. in Europe. the WHO Multinational Monitoring of tendencies and determiners in cardiovascular disease survey. which gathered informations from 39 sites in 18 states. found the prevalence of fleshiness was similar for work forces across all sites ( The Epidemiology of Obesity. 2007 ) . For adult females. nevertheless. there were pronounced differences in prevalence between sites. with higher values for adult females from Eastern Europe. Similarly. in the United States. there are pronounced differences in the prevalence of fleshiness by race-ethnic group for adult females but non for work forces. Harmonizing to the U. S. fleshiness tendency. the southern provinces have the highest prevalence of fleshiness out of all the 50 provinces. The CDC stated that more than tierce of U. S. grownups ( 35. 7 % ) are corpulent. Approximately 17 % ( or 12. 5 million ) of kids and striplings aged 2-19 old ages are corpulent ( Overweight and Obesity. 2011 ) . 2. Compare fleshiness rates and obesity-related wellness attention costs in your province to all of the U. S. Recommend how your province can handle fleshiness as a menace to public wellness. As stated above. Georgia is one of the southern provinces that have a high prevalence mortality rate. The greatest job with the statistical linkages between organic structure mass and mortality is that other confusing factors are non considered. go forthing small footing for pulling causal illations. Most epidemiological surveies gauging the relationship between organic structure weight and mortality do non command for fittingness. exercising. diet quality. weight cycling. diet drug usage. economic position. or household history. Furthermore. in surveies that control for some of these factors. the informations are normally self-reported and therefore of highly questionable dependability. Georgia ranks 17th most corpulent province in the state. Fleshiness is one of the biggest public wellness challenges. Millions of Americans still face barriers like the high cost of healthy nutrients and deficiency of entree to safe topographic points to be physically active. There has been a important addition in wellness attention cost in conformity to fleshiness. The one-year cost of fleshiness in Georgia is estimated at $ 2. 1 billion ( $ 250 per Georgian each twelvemonth ) . which includes direct wellness attention costs and lost productiveness from disease. disablement. and decease ( indirect costs ) ( Georgia Data Summary. 2008 ) . Treatment of this epidemic would be instead hard. At a federal degree. the new wellness reform jurisprudence. the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010. has the possible to turn to the fleshiness epidemic through a figure of bar and health commissariats. expand coverage to 1000000s of uninsured Americans. and make a dependable support watercourse through the creative activity of the Prevention and Public Health Fund. Peoples who are fleshy or corpulent have a higher hazard for decease than people of optimum ( normal ) weight. An estimation of extra mortality is called the population attributable hazard ( PAR ) . PAR is an estimation of the proportion of deceases caused by a peculiar hazard factor. in this instance. corpulence and fleshiness. The PAR represents the proportion of deceases in a population that would be eliminated if the hazard factor were removed from the population. The PAR for corpulence and fleshiness is the fraction of all deceases that would non happen if everyone were of optimum ( normal ) weight. The PAR from corpulence and fleshiness is estimated utilizing the prevalence of corpulence and fleshiness in Georgia and the comparative hazard for deceasing among fleshy and corpulent individuals compared with normal weight individuals. The hazard varies by age and sex. In Georgia. about 10 % of the entire figure of deceases each twelvemonth is attributable to overweight or fleshiness. indicating that about 6. 700 Georgians dies yearly because they are fleshy or corpulent. About 1. 500 ( 22 % ) of the extra deceases occur among people who are overweight. and 5. 200 ( 78 % ) occur among those who are corpulent ( Georgia Data Summary. 2008 ) . 3. Suggest how political relations of this issue will impede your ability as an epidemiologist to assist your community and / or province trade with the issue of fleshiness. The medical costs of fleshiness in the U. S. have been estimated at $ 75 – $ 100 billion a twelvemonth. The estimation for Georgia is about $ 2. 1 billion per twelvemonth. or $ 250 per Georgian per twelvemonth. Excess organic structure fat is associated with both direct costs such as diagnostic and intervention services related to overweight and fleshiness. and indirect costs such as lost rewards and decreased productiveness due to illness. disablement. and premature decease ( Georgia Data Summary. 2008 ) . As an epidemiologist. the excess financess would non be available to assist those persons that are corpulent and want to lose the weight. The U. S. is already passing a big sum of money through medical cost for those corpulent persons. A authorities grant to assist persons may even acquire refused because once more. the support is coming from the authorities. Politicss would non desire to supply support for a start of a plan because it is cost efficient and could be expensive. We are now at a point where authoritiess are tardily cognizant of the menace that lifting fleshiness airss to population wellness every bit good as to society’s economic wellbeing and the natural environment. The consciousness of the size and complexness of the job is besides germinating into an consciousness of the demand for multiple actions to accomplish a high plenty dose of solutions’ . There is widespread understanding that a multi-sectorial response will be needed from authoritiess. the private sector. civil society and the populace. 4. Propose four ( 4 ) new policies or Torahs that the authorities can implement to turn to the fleshiness job in the U. S. Include the deductions of those policies or Torahs on people. wellness insurance. wellness attention suppliers. concerns. and the nutrient industry. In an ideal universe. authoritiess would hold been supervising population fleshiness tendencies and have acted early to implement the actions needed to hold and change by reversal the fleshiness epidemic. However. this is non the common world and. so. merely a smattering of states have supervising systems in topographic point to observe alterations in the prevalence of fleshiness and its hazard factors. As stated above in inquiry figure two a new wellness reform jurisprudence has to turn to the fleshiness epidemic through different health. and supplying coverage to the 1000000s of Americans. Government could besides publish a community transmutation grant to persons that have transformed their corpulent organic struc tures into healthy balanced organic structures. Policies to cut down nursery emanations. such as corporate and single C trading. would be powerful stealing intercessions for fleshiness bar. Congestion revenue enhancements. car-free metropoliss. public conveyance growing and other urban planning options will hold increased physical activity as a good side consequence and therefore lend to obesity bar. Reducing the C cost of nutrient could besides hold an consequence on energy consumption since many of the energy dense nutrients which promote fleshiness tend to be more processed. packaged nutrients in other words. higher in C costs. 5. Assess and turn to the causes which have made fleshiness rates increase for the past decennary. Over the past three decennaries. fleshiness has increase significantly. While the exact grounds for increased planetary fleshiness were still undetermined. experts said altering wonts were likely subscribers. Diets are different than they were 30 old ages ago. and modern engineering has decreased physical activity. Developing states now have a batch of the comfortss that are commonplace in wealthier states. There are besides an addition of car. which we are widely dependent on and less walking or biking. In decision. the drivers of this pandemic that is now impacting rich and hapless states likewise must be planetary in nature and comparatively recent in oncoming. While biological hard-wiring explains the potency for the development of fleshiness. it can non explicate the secular tendencies in fleshiness prevalence. Worlds have. for good endurance grounds. evolved a biological science that is designed to maximise energy consumption and minimise physical activity. We seek and enjoy good tasting nutrient ( particularly sweet. fatty and piquant nutrients ) and we seek to cut down the attempt needed to make work ( by planing machines and engineering to make it for us ) . While these are powerful factors. our biological science has non changed over the last 30 old ages. What has changed dramatically is the environment around us – particularly the easy handiness of nutrients and energy-saving machines that feed those biological desires. It is the progressively obesogenic environments which are advancing particularly inordinate energy consumption but besides reduced physical effort that are driving secular tendencies.

Comparing and contrasting any two characters in Lorraine Hansberry's A Essay

Comparing and contrasting any two characters in Lorraine Hansberry's A raisin in the Sun - Essay Example Son- I just tried to find the nicest place for the best amount of money for my family.† Her frustration comes as a result of her family’s inability to appreciate her efforts. [Act 2, Scene 1] Mama’s carriage is noble and precise; on the other hand, her speech is somewhat careless. She intends to slur everything, but her voice is soft. She loves plants and gardening; however, her gardening is limited to just one plant due to lack of space in the place where the family lives. Walter: â€Å"Anybody who talks to me has got to be a good-for-nothing, aint he? Charlie Atkins was just a good for nothing loud mouth too, wasn’t he? When he wanted me to go in the dry cleaning business with him. And now- he’s grossing a hundred thousand a year.† [Act One , Scene 1] Ruth (turning on him): â€Å"Oh, no he ain’t going to be up no earlier no such thing! It ain’t his fault he can’t go to bed no earlier nights cause he got a bunch of crazy good-for-nothing clowns sitting up running their mouths is what is supposed to be his bedroom after ten o’clock at night †¦. Mama (quietly): â€Å"I don’t ‘low no yelling in this house, Walter Lee and you know it! (Walter stares at them in frustration and tends to speak several times. And there ain’t going to be no investing in no liquor stores. I don’t aim to have to speak in that again† Walter is also a jealous man. He is jealous of the affection vested on his wife and sister by Mama. Speaking to Ruth, he says: â€Å"Mama would listen to you and Beneatha. She think more of you. All you have to do is just sit down with her whey you drinking your coffee one morning and talking bout things like you do and---â€Å" Walter: (bitterly): â€Å"Now ain’t that fine! You just got our mother’s interest at heart, ain’t you, girl? You such a nice girl – but if Mama got that money, she can always take a few thousand and help you through school too ---can’t she?† Mama is furious in response to Beneatha’s

Privacy and Confidentiality of Client Health Information Research Paper - 1

Privacy and Confidentiality of Client Health Information - Research Paper Example Medical practitioners, be they nurses, doctors or health information managers are obligated both legally and ethically to safeguard a client’s health information from any undue influence or unauthorized parties as stated by Acker et al. (2007). The primary means through which boundaries are maintained, a trust created and client-caregiver relationship built is by considering the rights bestowed on the client and respecting them. This client right to privacy stipulates that they should control how their health information is collected, utilized and revealed. It is important to note that even health organizations have limited rights to client’s information more so regarding how it should be disclosed. This lays huge task on health information managers to ensure that such right is not misused. The most common case when this right is utilized is when the medical team shares health information in order to facilitate delivery of health care to the patient. A typical scenario is where a doctor explains the patient’s actual condition and the reason for certain medication to nurses attending to a particular patient (Sanbar, 2007). Such sharing cannot be deemed to be breaching the client’s right to control disclosure as nurses need to be informed so as to efficiently and effectively deliver health care. The following is the specific information that one needs to know in regards to client information, its confidentiality, access, disclosure and special considerations. Conversations form the easiest way by which client’s health information is disseminated. As such it is an easy means through which the same leaks to unauthorized parties. It is therefore paramount for anybody to be aware of their environment before initializing conversations regarding confidential information about a client. This will definitely avoid people from overhearing such information. Contrary to popular belief, withholding just the name is insufficient to uphold confidentiality (Pozgar, 2008).

Which factors affect one's chances of experiencing poverty during Essay

Which factors affect one's chances of experiencing poverty during one's lifetime - Essay Example Furthermore, statistics and studies have shown that unfortunately the children that grow up with parents who are married, working, and religious, are also more likely to face experiencing poverty as adults. Obviously this is a very important and critical matter, and this is why it is so important to make sure that every issue within this matter is discussed thoroughly and properly. There are many different perspectives that will be taken on this issue as well, and that includes New Right, Liberal, and Feminist, as each of these is incredibly important in its own right and thus needs to be included in the standpoint in regards to this subject matter. This is what will be dissertated in the following. Poverty is a very serious issue, and in order to be able to find out how it applies itself, we truly must determine as to where it actually begins, and the quite obvious answer to that would be in childhood. After all, things that take place during childhood tend to carry on throughout a person’s life, and so this explains quite well as to why issues that took place during one’s childhood would highly affect their chances of experiencing poverty later on in their life. One of the most apparent factors of all is the living environment for children, as when children are living in an unstable environment the family is that much less likely to have stable income of money, and thus the children are more susceptible to living in poverty. Using data from the U.S. Department of Education’s National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS) of 1988, we see that â€Å"eighth graders who were living apart from their biological fathers had an expected poverty rate of 16.6 percen t when they were twenty-five. In contrast, the poverty rate for eighth graders who were living with their fathers was 9.9 percent† (The Future of Children, 2007). Therefore, we can quite clearly see from this that there is an incredibly powerful

How effective questioning contributes to learning

How effective questioning contributes to learning For the purpose of this essay I will look at effective questioning and how the use of effective questioning contributes to the learning process of pupils in a school or classroom setting. The essay will look at the varying Theorists that talk about questioning and how they believe that questioning was a positive part of the schooling day and delve into different methods of questioning and how best the answers support the learning of how to question. I will look in particular how effective questioning is useful in two subjects thought on the curriculum which are English Literature and Information and Communication Technology or ICT as it is known. To concentrate on these two subjects and to show how important I have found effective questioning I will look at how effective listening and speaking also contributes to effective questioning. The essay will look at different National Strategies and Frameworks and literature available that exist to support the guidelines and theories that ex ist to support effective questioning and evidence I have gathered during my experiences working with children in the class room to portray the practical evidence of this. Main The Primary National Strategy (2006) emphasises the need for the development and promotion of creativity across the curriculum. Speaking and Listening are to be developed in innovative and exiting ways through discussion and questioning. Children need to listen to their teacher and their peers and have the confidence to express their own thoughts, Sharing responses to Literature is one of the most meaningful ways in which good listening and good talking can be achieved.(Nicholson, C as site in Goodwin, 2005). This assignment will take a look into how effective questioning can contribute to pupils learning and will be backed up by examples that I have seen in my practice. Theorists have different beliefs as to how children learn. In my opinion, a mixture of their strategies is needed in schools and across the curriculum to achieve the best results possible. We learn that Bruner is more associated with questioning, problem and discussion in contrast to Vygotsky believed that adult talk plays a central role in developing a childs understanding. He saw all speech as primary social in function, the intellect being developed within social interaction (Goodwin, 2001). He believed in combining language with thought but more emphasis being placed on effective adult language and that through pupil talk, children would develop their reading and writing skills. Ofsted (2005), reported that when children talked through ideas firstly, they were there after better writers. Bruner introduced cognitive scaffolding, which aimed at extending pupil understanding through support of a social system. He highlighted the importance of language and communication with others- peers and others (Loveless, 2003). He didnt believe in giving pupils material in this final form. On placement I would introduce a problem to the children and support them with appropriate questioning. This in turn led to discussion and the utilisation of higher order thinking skills in scaffolding conversations learners can try out ideas make mistakes and adapt their thinking by listening to others as they work towards understanding (Goodwin, 2001). I consider a lot of classes as being too rigid and they are trying to adhere to a strict plan to reach goals and cover material. For example in literacy The National Curriculum and the Literacy Strategy (although this is not statutory) have a wide range of topics to be covered leaving I found teachers under pressure for time. I feel that time needs to be allocated for spontaneity where the teacher focuses and directs children through effective modelling questioning and discussion with educational goals in mind. The Ofstead English Report (2005) found that even though there is more discussion in primary schools at the moment unfortunately it is dominated by the teacher giving the pupils only limited opportunities to express their thoughts and listen to their peers. The report also found reading and writing getting more attention in schools. Excellent and Enjoyment (2003) described teaching in England as being too prescriptive which was impacting negatively on creativity. Another example of how effective questioning contributes to students learning in through the use of information and communication technology or ICT. The National Grid for learning was set up by the DfEE in 1997 to equip schools with computers and this in turn enabled both students and teachers to access materials that became available. This also enabled children to talk to others in the world and to interact globally. Schools therefore now have more resources, computers and packages to enhance ICT usage, some even have laptops. Before my six week placement, I had little knowledge of how to use the IWB as a teaching tool but, my class teacher taught me how to use it with confidence. I found it a useful resource for holding the childrens interest and attention. It enabled supporting use of exciting pictures to brighten up tasks. For example, in Literacy, we were doing a story from the Jungle Book called Rikki-Tikki-Tavi, I was able to search for and insert pictures of the characters fr om Google images to suit the theme. The children really enjoyed this as it brought the characters to life. Stories are important for a number of reasons. They link places to interesting themes, they aid spelling and they can increase knowledge about certain topics or facts. Stories are the fundamental way of organising human experience and understanding the world (Fisher, R., Williams, M. 2006). They can be linked to many different tasks, apart from reading to enhance literacy skills. The book I am basing my lessons on with regard to this assignment, is called Rose Blanche. The illustrations within it present a World War Two setting which gives a truly special historical insight into the suffering and pain endured by the characters as seen through the eyes of a child. Analysis of this picture book will evoke an emotional response to the Second World War through the implementation of effective questioning and discussion in the classroom. Such strategies are central in the new the Primary National Strategy (2006). As a teacher, it will be my role to ensure that the children apply creative/h igher order thinking to their reading through learning how to read between the lines, using inference, deduction and prediction and learning how to recreate and respond to the text. Effective questioning with regard to setting, character, plot, themes dialogue and point of view will extend childrens thinking about a story (Fisher, R., Williams, M. 2006). A mixture of both open ended and closed questions are necessary components of reflective reading where children will skim, scan and read in more detail to find answers. An essential aspect of questioning is allowing children enough time to think before pursuing a response. Towards the end of my placement, the children had an idea of the type of response I required by the length of thinking time I would give them. They knew that more thinking time required more than one word answers. It is crucial also that teachers pitch questions at appropriate levels to challenge the more able without loosing the interest of the less able through lack of understanding. EAL students and those with special educational needs may benefit from visual cues where possible. This is where Literacy through ICT becomes highly beneficial and effective. Interactive white boards are powerful tools for displaying images and texts which can be clearly seen by the whole class. Speaking and listening in the National Curriculum has a strong social focus. Children will learn to take turns, deal with opposing views politely, talk effectively, take different roles and help the group to move forward (DfEE, 1999). These aspects need to be enforced within each subject in order to achieve success where all voices are heard and spoken. Children need to become interactive listeners where they listen to other members of the group but also have the confidence to articulate ideas without fear of embarrassment or ridicule. This is also the view point of Jones, R., Wyse, D., 2004 who believe that in building pupils literacy skills, teachers should reward curiosity and exploration, build internal motivation, encourage risk taking, have high expectations of all pupils, give opportunities for choice and discovery and develop students self-management skills. Children need to know when it is ok for them to speak and when they should listen. For this reason, I always made the rules clear at the beginning of each class. The children then knew how they should request to voice their opinion i.e. put their hand up. An articulate classroom is a community of learners and teachers who share an understanding about the roles of talk in their learning(Goodwin, 2001). Speaking and listening can be enhanced through ICT with the use of tape recorders, digital cameras, recording to computers and much more. Some teachers prefer however, not to use classroom discussion because of fear of losing control through increased noise levels. Another issue with discussion is finding the time to allow learners to ask and seek their own answers. I personally found this difficult to resolve. I strongly believe that group work in Literacy is extremely beneficial to pupils. It certainly suits the shyer pupil who might not have the confidence to express an opinion within whole class interaction. It enables the perfect opportunity for teachers to develop scaffolding on a smaller scale which relates to Bruners theory. On my placement, guided reading was carried out every day after lunch which meant each group had one session each week. The National Literacy Strategy promotes this process where by one group works with the teacher and the other groups work independently (DfEE, 1998). The pupils were split into groups of similar ability which meant the less able children had more support at their level and the more able had more scope. Ofsted (2005) found guided group work to be a positive development in the classroom in terms of speaking and listening. Conclusion The new science of learning and thinning tells us that everybody has the capacity to become a better learner, and that there are conditions under which learning power develops (Pollard 2002). If children are having difficulty in understanding what you are teaching them, then you must reflect and ask yourself why? You as a teacher must reflect on lessons and ask yourself have I asked effective questions in my lesson? Questions can be used for a wide range of purposes and they can be seen as a vital tool for teaching and learning. It is a powerful way of scaffolding childrens understanding and raising their performance. The way in which teachers can use questions to improve the quality of childrens thinking and the extent of their participation (Pollard 2006). As stated above and trough out this essay I have looked at how questioning, effective questioning in particular contributes to a Childs learning through effective listening, speaking in particular through ICT and English. I have learnt in practice that these methods keep a child engaged, motivated and egger to learn. This not only applies to English and ICT but in all subjects on the National Curriculum. Reference List Adams, A., Brindley, S. (2002) Teaching Primary Literacy with ICT. Buckingham, Open University Press. Bennett, R. (2006) Learning ICT with English. Great Britain, David Fulton Publishers. Goodwin, P. (1999, 2005) 2nd edn. The Literate Classroom. Great Britain, David Fulton Publishers Ltd. DfES (2006) Primary National Strategy; Primary Framework for literacy and mathematics. London, DfES. Fisher, R., Williams, M. (2006) Unlocking Literacy. 2nd edn. Great Britain, David Fulton Publishers. Jones, R., Wyse, D. (2004) Creativity in the Primary Curriculum. Great Britain, David Fulton Publishers Ltd. Loveless, A. (2003) The Role of ICT. London, Continuum. Ofsted (2000, 2005) The Annual Report of Her Majestys Chief Inspector of Schools. HMSO, London. Rudd, A., Tyldesley, A. (2006) Literacy and ICT in the Primary School. Great Britain, David Fulton Publishers. Journal McFarlane, A. (2001) Perspectives on the relationships between ICT and assessment. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 17 (227-234). Website www.kingston.ac.uk/booksalive/ www.ofsted.gov.uk

Aiding Education Essays -- Essays Papers

Aiding Education A look at what the U.S. must do to improve education for the poor. Introduction The public educational system in the United States is in desperate need of rejuvenation. The US’s standards are not up to par with other industrialized nations and because of this children don’t learn the fundamental skills required to become productive members of society. This trend is especially noticeable in areas of high poverty where schools do not have access to adequate resources to provide help for students that need it. Both the federal government and the states themselves have taken measures to right the course of the American educational system, but thus far the gains have been meager at best. In examining the current state of the United States’ educational system with respect to areas of significant poverty, it is important to determine what caused this country’s system to decay to such a dangerous levels, what is currently being done to correct the situation, and what more needs to be done in the future. How the states are helping fix the problem Annual test results like those from a recent MCAS exam (Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System) confirm what most of us already believe to be true: the communities with the lowest test scores are those with the highest levels of poverty. The strong correlation between poverty and poor academic performance has been evident to those in education for some time. The fact that it lingers and is in fact worsening in many areas begs the question: what are states doing to reverse this trend? (Brown) Because of the dire need for change with regards to education, state and federal policy makers alike have become increasingly focused on generating acceptable... ...r states to continue adjusting their funding methods and for the federal government to start living up to its promises. Bibliography Berliner, David. Vouchers: No Solution to Educating the Poor. http://www.asu.edu/educ/epsl/EPRU/point_of_view_essays/cerai-00-37a.htm Feb 22, 2002. Brown, Eileen. â€Å"Educating America’s New Majority.† http://www.inmotionmagazine.com/er/newmaj1.html Cardiff, Chris. â€Å"Education: What About the Poor?† http://www.fee.org/vnews.php?nid=221 Carey, Kevin. â€Å"State Poverty-Based Education Funding: A Survey of Current Programs and Options for Improvement.† November 7, 2000. Ourfuture.org. â€Å"Bush’s Budget Fails Education.† http://www.ourfuture.org/issues_and_campaigns/education/20040202_edu_budget.cfm. Rebora. Anthony. â€Å"No Child Left Behind.† http://www.edweek.org/context/topics/issuespage.cfm?id=59 May 26, 2004.

Isolation in Hardy’s poems ‘Nobody Comes’ and ‘The Darkling Thrush’ Essay

In the poems â€Å"The Darkling Thrush† [‘TDT’] and â€Å"Nobody Comes† [‘NC’], Hardy presents two similar images of isolation. In both poems, the personae are isolated from human company, whilst Hardy explores this using imagery of ghosts and the supernatural in both also. However, individually there are differences in tone; although NC ends upon as dire a note as it begins, Hardy engineers an optimistic outlook in TDT and suggests that the persona’s isolation may not Hardy ensures that the persona of ‘TDT’ is isolated from any other human presence or, until the poem’s third stanza, any living organism. Whilst leaning against â€Å"a coppice gate†, he notes that â€Å"all mankind†¦ had sought their household fires†. Although this is an indication of the low temperature, it is noticeable that the rest of humanity are seeking light in an otherwise dark environment; reciprocally, the persona is deprived of both warmth and living company. To further this point, Hardy personifies non-human entities, such as frost and winter – â€Å"Winter’s dregs†, for example. In this way, Hardy makes the reader personal not with living creatures but with inanimate entities, isolating the animate persona even more. Indeed, Hardy makes such a division more striking by picturing the persona’s surroundings as very extreme. Surrounded by deathly imagery, the persona imagines the landscape as â€Å"the Century’s corpse/ His crypt the canopy,/ The wind his death lament†. Even Hardy’s animate entities seem ghostly; â€Å"Frost was spectre-gray† and â€Å"mankind†¦ haunted nigh†. Such is the state of decay that even â€Å"the ancient pulse of germ and birth was shrunken† – the regenerative power of life has itself died, leaving the persona as the sole animate existence. A similar loneliness can be seen in ‘NC’, especially towards the end of the poem. In the aftermath of the car passing, the persona observes, â€Å"mute by the gate†, that he â€Å"stand[s] again alone.† The sudden silence and soft, finite ‘t’ sound of â€Å"mute† – in contrast to the onomatopoeic â€Å"whangs† – amplifies the persona’s loneliness; as does the empty assonance in the repeated ‘a’ sound, in â€Å"alone† and â€Å"again†. Equally, the present tense verb â€Å"stands† and â€Å"again† emphasizes that this is an ongoing and repeated state of isolation. However, the persona in ‘Nobody Comes’ is not simply isolated in terms of being physically alone or the sole living creature – he is also isolated from modernity. Hardy again uses ‘supernatural’ imagery to explore this. The persona notes that â€Å"The telegraph wire†¦ intones†¦ like a spectral lyre/ Swept by a spectral hand†. Rather than see the telegraph wire as a means of communication, the persona rejects it in presenting an image of disassociation; the vagueness of the verb â€Å"intones† summons an image of faceless voices. He also creates negative supernatural connotations; there is an innate ghostliness about the archaic lyre – juxtaposed to contrast with the innate modernity of the telegraph wire – which is reinforced by the wraithlike â€Å"spectral†. Hardy repeats this for emphasis in â€Å"spectral hand†. In this phrase, he also creates an incongruity between the concrete verb â€Å"swept† and noun â€Å"hand† and the abstract concept of â€Å"ghostliness† – the ‘hand’ does not exist. Its invisible presence and visible effects are unnerving, making the modern telegraph wire an unpleasant image. The persona’s rejection of modernity can be seen also in the depiction of â€Å"a car com[ing] up†. Having shone its aggressive lamps at â€Å"full glare† – which Hardy emphasizes by placing at the end of the line –the persona states that â€Å"it has nothing to do with me†. This maxim, in being so blunt, is very powerful. It operates to present a rift between the persona and the modern world and, given the unusually colloquial verb â€Å"whangs†, it indicates that the car is viewed as a callous representation of modern life from which the persona wishes to isolate himself. It leaves â€Å"leaving a blacker air†, which may indicate either a corruption of nature (in terms of polluting the otherwise fresh air) or a darkening in the persona’s emotions. Indeed, the poem concludes with the same negativity, with the word â€Å"nobody† in both the title and the last line. The persona is left â€Å"again alone† and isolated, prompting a large amount of sympathy from the reader. By contrast, ‘TDT’ concludes with a hopeful note. At the appearance of the thrush, in the third stanza, the reader notes that the bird is similarly isolated and surrounded by death. In truth, the reader’s initial reaction to the â€Å"aged†¦ frail, gaunt and small† thrush is to question whether the creature will survive the bleak conditions. There is a sense of desperation present â€Å"fling[ing its] soul/ Upon the growing gloom.† However, the persona notices â€Å"some blessed Hope† in the bird’s â€Å"happy good-night air†. Although â€Å"unaware† of why this may be – such â€Å"joy illimited† is unintelligible to the persona – this leads the poem to end in an optimistic fashion. Although both the persona and the thrush remain isolated from any other company (the persona fails to deeply associate with the bird) and the anxiety about the future lingers, Hardy does much to suggest that such deep rooted â€Å"fervourlessness† may change in TDT’s persona, as opposed to the ongoing isolation present in NC.

No Situational analysis SWOT analysis is the most viable tool for analyzing the situation and developing a marketing plan.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on No-Goat Smelling X5 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Strengths The company has a strong financial position and an active research and development department. The strengths of the proposed deodorant include being the first in the market. There is good scope for scalability of the product acceptance, which would enhance the brand image and market share. The product promises freshness for up to five days besides being presented by the reputable Airmount Company. Weaknesses The company has to create a sustainable logistics and distribution channels in order to meet the market demand. The main weakness is the fact that a brand new idea may be not be convincing for the senior segment of society, as they tend to be reluctant to change. Besides, the narrow product line, with limited distribution channels at the beginning, would restrict the customers from accepting the product. Threats The main threats facing the proposed ‘No-Goat Smelling X5’ deodorant is presence of competitors providing similar or nearly similar product at low cost. For instance, the Procter and Gamble Company controls 37.7% of the beauty products market and recorded an annual turnover of $488.5 million at the end of the 2013 financial year.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, the Uniliver Company controls 18.6% of the total market share and recorded an annual turnover of $245.8 million at the end of the 2013 financial year. In addition, the Lever Brothers Company controls 11.3% of the market share and recorded an impressive turnover of $149.2 million at the end of the 2013 financial year. In addition, the Airmount Company may n ot be able to change the product features according to changing external environment and needs of the customers, since the US product patent policy may limit it. Opportunities The new ‘No-Goat Smelling X5’ product may facilitate revenue growth for the Airmount Company upon acceptance by the target market.The company may also take advantage of the market demographics to create multiple brands for the male and female customers. Marketing strategy Marketing strategy is essential before actualizing projections of a blue print of a marketing plan. As a matter of fact, this plan functions on the margins of informed decision making based on comprehensive research on viability and sustainability. In the overcrowded cosmetics industry, product positioning is directly linked to the success in the short and long term, especially for a new product such as the ‘No-Goat Smelling X5’ deodorant. Adopting a First-Mover Strategy, the Airmount Company will position this produ ct as the first of its kind in the market. Through a defined delivery channel and strong media marketing, the company will revolve on quality maintenance to support the leading marketer status. In the process, focus will be directed to the most competitive price and what the customers are able and willing to pay.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on No-Goat Smelling X5 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides, the company may develop multiple brands of the product that targets the adolescents, female, and male market segments (Kotler Keller, 2012, p. 19). Despite the crowded market, the product will be marketed as first of its kind. In order to achieve this aim, demographic differentiation will be based on income supported by strategic packaging and series of relevant marketing campaigns, as the best approach towards commanding a price premium. As a result, the fair pricing mechanism, among other factors, will posi tively skew competitive advantage in favor of the Airmount Company. In addition, the company will have to recruit distribution agencies across the market regions and well trained marketers for this product (Kotler Keller, 2012, p. 29). In order to diversify market operations, the Airmount Company may create multiple brands from the same product with different coloration, scent, sizes, and packaging (Harrison St. John, 2010, p. 43). This will create an environment of own competition and block other competitors from encroaching into the company’s market (Dagnino Rocco, 2009, p. 31). These sub-products will be differentiated by features, prices, and difference in quality. As forecasted in the market research, this strategy will be successful towards dominance as it offers variety of options to consumers, while at the same time maximizing benefits of economies of scale (Harrison St. John, 2010, p. 32). Since cosmetics market has low entry barriers, the ‘No-Goat Smelling X5’ product is likely to reap from the experimenting consumers as the product may appeal to the young generation who are often willing to try new products. The high-end and the low-end varieties will target the high and low income earning consumers.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With the high-end and low-end varieties in the market, little room will be available for competitors to create a third product based on quality (Rossiter Bellman, 2005, p. 45). Thus, when properly implemented, the company will reap major returns on the upper-end and lower-end of the male cosmetics market. The Airmount Company should introduce the aspect of appealing to ideals of the target population by contracting a popular celebrity as company’s products image. Through recommendations of such celebrity or a popular public figure, the target consumers would be persuaded to try out the ideal product recommended by their favorite celebrity. The marketers of the ‘No-Goat Smelling X5’ product should also include catchy advertisement short messages that appeal to male and female sexuality such as ‘vitality in totality’. In the aspect of self-concept, marketing strategies for the ‘No-Goat Smelling X5’ should be based on idolizing the male pe rson as an equal user of its products. Financials Budget for the marketing plan Cost Quantity Total Cost Equipment Cost $5,000 10 $50,000 Advertisement Posters $10 10,000 $100,000 PA System Hiring $1,000 5 $5,000 Personnel Hiring $3,000 20 $60,000 Advertisement Media $10,000 $10,000 Total Cost $225,000 The financial implication of implementing the above marketing strategy includes active advertisement in the traditional media such as television and newspapers. Besides, the Airmount Company will have to embrace social media in promoting the ‘No-Goat Smelling X5’ product. Controls In order to move the ‘No-Goat Smelling X5’ brand forward, it is critical to adopt the localization strategy that directly appeals to different target markets. The Airmount Company should remain the organization that has localized its means of production and marketing to capture different customer bases. The localization strategy will help in triangulation o f the â€Å"how†, â€Å"where†, and â€Å"what† of management strategies, since it focuses on a specific market. It involves the identification of the unmet customer needs, examining and deploying potential enablers in new converging innovative technologies, and identifying capabilities to ensure that the needs are met (Harrison St. John, 2010). The above elements should then be integrated in a marketing communication plan that runs continuously within the stipulated marketing timetable. References Dagnino, G., Rocco, E. (2009). Competition strategy: theory experiments and cases (1st ed.). New York, NY: Routledge. Harrison, J., St. John, C. (2010). Foundations in strategic management. Ohio, Oh: South Western Cengage Learning. Kotler, P., Keller, K. (2012). Marketing management. (14th ed.). New Jersey, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Rossiter, J. R., Bellman, S. (2005). Marketing communications: Theory and applications. New York, NY: Prentice Hall.

Dear Sir and Other Business Conventions

Dear Sir and Other Business Conventions Dear Sir and Other Business Conventions Dear Sir and Other Business Conventions By Maeve Maddox A reader asks: Is it just me, or does the Dear seem a little awkward when starting a business letter to someone whom you have never met or communicated [with]? If I have to call someone Mr. or something similar, is this person really dear to me? I had to laugh because I had a similar feeling the first time I had to type a letter signed Yours faithfully in England. Wow, I thought, what a devoted way to sign a business letter! At the time I was very young and literal-minded. (you can read more here about the business letter format). Dear Sir, Yours sincerely, Yours faithfully, and all such polite expressions are conventions, agreed-upon forms that serve a conventional purpose. Theyre not intended to be taken literally. Language is itself a convention. For example, the object that English speakers call a pencil is by French speakers called a crayon. For American English speakers a crayon is a stick of colored wax composition used for drawing and coloring. When I use a word, Humpty Dumpty said, in a rather scornful tone, it means just what I choose it to mean, neither more nor less. The question is, said Alice, whether you can make words mean so many different things. We can and do make the same words mean different things. Its all a matter of context. The dear in Dear Sir, does not mean the same as the dear that I use to address my grandchild. The one is a convention; the other is an endearment. The complete conversation between Alice and Humpty Dumpty in Through the Looking Glass may be read here. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Opening Lines to Inspire the Start of Your Story5 Lessons for Mixing Past and Present Tense5 Ways to Reduce Use of Prepositions

Astronmy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Astronmy - Assignment Example 58-60). Ursa Major has also moved downwards and has crossed the meridian and its pattern has also changed. There is unnoticeable change after ten minutes repeat of the observation (Hale, p. 60). Less change could be recorded after ten minutes. From these observations, we can conclude that Polaris is always on the meridian and a star that never sets and can always be seen throughout the day and night at the same position. Also Ursa Minor and major rotate as the sky rotates and will set at some point and cannot be seen throughout the day and night (Hale, p. 59). The nest observation was at 02: 29. Star Polaris had not changed the position but remained on the meridian line. It is acting as the tilt point of Ursa Minor. However, less change has been observed with Ursa Minor (Pasachoff and Filippenko, p. 80). Its position has changed a bit as it is on the meridian line but the pattern has not changed. On the contrary, Ursa Major is also changing in its position but the pattern has remained the same (Hale, p. 60). It is slowly approaching the west side and still the same stars seen in its pattern at the beginning of the observation could still be seen which are Mizar, Alkali, and Dub he (Pasachoff and Filippenko, p.

Ancient Egyptian Art, Painting, and Sculpture Research Paper

Ancient Egyptian Art, Painting, and Sculpture - Research Paper Example Source: http://www.crystalinks.com/egyptart.html Being that ancient Egypt was a religious nation, most of the paintings and sculptures during civilization encompass the goddesses, gods, and Pharaohs.3 These were religious leaders who were considered as divine and they were accorded much respect as they determined individual fate. The ancient arts were characterized by idea according to the outlined order. The arts consisted of clear and precise lines that combined with simple shapes and colors to create some manners of order and top bring balance in the Egyptian nation. Source: http://www.crystalinks.com/egyptart.html Similarly, ancient Egyptian arts had horizontal and vertical lines, which they used in maintaining proportions in the artistic works. The artists maintained both religious and political orders, as they were involved in their artistic works. They also drew figures into sizes not considering the painter’s point of view as it was meant to define the social hierarchy of situations. A good example of this can be depicted by drawing the figure of pharaoh to be bigger in the painting paying no respect to its location.4 It also applies to greater gods and lesser gods. Egyptian sculptures were made of clay, wood, metal and stones. These materials were readily available during the period and they were regarded precious in making sculptors at the time. The use of stones in making sculpture was the most plentiful as it was considered permanent because it is hard and was available in different colors which provided a wide choices. The ancient Egyptian sculptors were very distinctive in its nature in two different ways: it is characterized as cubic and frontal. This is because it takes the form of the cubes or the... This paper stresses that ancient Egyptians arts resembled the actual life situations and nature. They conformed to strict rules which represented their three dimensional forms. Most of the paintings if not all portrayed the figures and images of real life and nature as it was easily noticeable with keen observation. The drawings and paintings were very complete and pretty and they also represented real life situations. ancient Egyptian arts had horizontal and vertical lines, which they used in maintaining proportions in the artistic works. The artists maintained both religious and political orders, as they were involved in their artistic works. They also drew figures into sizes not considering the painter’s point of view as it was meant to define the social hierarchy of situations. A good example of this can be depicted by drawing the figure of pharaoh to be bigger in the painting paying no respect to its location. It also applies to greater gods and lesser gods. Egyptian scul ptures were made of clay, wood, metal and stones. These materials were readily available during the period and they were regarded precious in making sculptors at the time. The use of stones in making sculpture was the most plentiful as it was considered permanent because it is hard and was available in different colors which provided a wide choices. The ancient Egyptian sculptors were very distinctive in its nature in two different ways: it is characterized as cubic and frontal. This report makes a conclusion that the ancient Egyptian arts, paintings, and sculpture play an important role in the life of the Egyptian. The ancient arts have certain characters which makes them distinctive from other forms of arts of other countries. This has made them stand over period and preserve their arts.