Trends in Giving Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Inadequate Staffing Ratios in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Insufficient Staffing Ratios in Nursing - Essay Example There is a developing worry over this issue considering the way that numerous arrangements offered portray a few shortcomings. Clench hand, the choice to build nurture proportion has been connected to battles between money saving advantage and cost-adequacy. Studies led by Reiter et al (2012), to uncover the budgetary exhibition incorporating the immediate expense of nursing leaves a great deal to tell. As indicated by his examination, about 80% of this exhibition approached the compensations and advantages, 44% involved inpatient care costs, and 30% reflected medical clinic uses. Given this information, one can without much of a stretch derive why the state government is battling with inadequate financial plan to help satisfactory medical caretaker to persistent proportions.  Secondly, there an expanded vulnerability on how new medicinal services change will influence proportions. Reiter, Harless, and Mark (2012) concentrate on California’s gathering charge (AB394) demonstrated an expansion of 20% every day nursing hours and evaluated its expense to be about $168,000 to $2.3 over the accompanying five years. With such costs, the overall population (the patients included) is required to pay vigorously if this proportion is to be met.  Finally, there is expanded worry for the lower number of an alum from the nursing program. Clinical schools the country over delineated low understudy enrollment, a factor that has been connected to the present issues confronting the nursing field. This shortfall is exacerbated even.

Americans Are Stressed About Politics

Americans Are Stressed About Politics January 04, 2018 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living shironosov/iStock   Have you found yourself more stressed than usual by politics and the state of the nation lately? Do you worry about the direction that the country is taking, perhaps more now than before? Do you feel this is taking a toll on your emotional state, and even your physical health? If so, youre not alone. Far from it, actually. And a survey from the American Psychological Association proves it. And if youre not feeling this way, chances are that the majority of the people around you are feeling this type of stress. First, heres a bit about conflict and stress in general, for a more foundational understanding of what you or the people around you are experiencing. Stress and the Toll of Conflict Conflict is one of the main causes of stress that we encounter in our lives, whether its conflict from co-workers, from family, from significant others, from our friends, or even from people we encounter on the street and acquaintances we dont know well. Conflict virtually always takes a heavier toll on us than most other forms of stress. It can not only make us instinctively feel less supported socially and bring to our awareness that theres a problem that needs to be solved, but it can tweak our need to belong as well, making us feel less of that group-based safety that were wired to seek out. (See this piece about Maslows Hierarchy of Needs for more on your belongingness needs.) Political conflicts can be particularly stressful because political views can be so divisive, and these disagreements can occur not only between acquaintances but between close friends and especially family members, which is when things can become even more tense. Many people dont like to agree to disagree but would rather try to convince people with opposing views that their views are incorrect, which can backfire particularly when political views are discussed. Social media and online discussions can and do  contribute to the incivility and polarization of some of these political discussions. Additionally, there are so many changes occurring in the country that it can be particularly stressful for those who are concerned about the direction things are taking. This can also bring more potentially divisive discussions to the fore. The bottom line is that political uncertainty can breed stress and create challenges, regardless of what your specific beliefs are or for which party you vote during elections. Many Americans (and, most likely, people around the world) are experiencing stress and anxiety related to the recent transition of power and the rapid speed of change thats been occurring politically in America in recent months. Because of this, many people are concerned about the state of our nation and the direction that things are taking. The APAs study explains more about this. APA Study: Stress in America APA’s 2016  Stress in Americaâ„¢ survey  revealed that two in three Americans (66 percent) say the future of our nation is a significant source of stress for them, and 57 percent say that they are stressed by the current political climate. This is, in fact, the factor thats reported as the most stressful to study respondents. This is an increase in what people have previously reported and a significant number that reveals a majority of Americans feeling stress in this area. Symptoms of stress can vary among people but often include a combination of emotional stress (feelings like worry, tension, irritability, and general anxiety) and physical symptoms, including headaches, insomnia, stomach problems, and other physical reactions. People deal with stress in many different ways. Some of these ways are healthy and proactive, like exercising and meditation, and some are unhealthy, like engaging in rumination or negative coping habits. This stress can be good when managed; we know that low to moderate levels of stress can positively motivate us to complete a project or achieve a goal. A lot of stress, however, and particularly chronic stress, can negatively affect our emotional and physical health in many ways. High levels of stress have been associated with anxiety, depression, fatigue, heart disease and high blood pressure and other serious health issues. Knowing this can be stressful as well, but there are many techniques that can help with stress management in general, and be helpful for political stress in particular. This is important to know, because being proactive about stress management can make a difference in the direction that your stress takes, and help prevent  a downward spiral of hopelessness that feeds upon itself. Fortunately, there are steps you can take to manage your stress in times of political change. Even when there arent specific things you can do to change the minds of those in power, there are things you can do to minimize the stress you feel as a result. These steps can make the difference between feeling constantly stressed and feeling mildly or minimally stressed, or even not feeling stressed at all. APA offers the following tips: Stay informed, but know your limits.  Consider how much news you take in and how that information is affecting you. If you are preoccupied by national events and it is interfering with your daily life, this may be a sign to cut back on your news intake and limit social media discussions. For example, some people may find it helpful to schedule a short block of time in the morning and one in the evening to catch up on news without checking for every new update during the day. During “digital breaks,” take time to focus on something enjoyable, such as a hobby, exercising, or spending time with family and friends.Find commonalities with others.  We come into contact with people every day whose beliefs differ from our own. If the topic of political differences arises, avoid heated discussions and try to identify commonalities within your different views. Sometimes different views can come from a similar underlying principle. Be open to hearing the other person’s story, and maybe ev en validate how they are feeling. When we frame our thinking this way, it can be easier to tolerate or understand people with different views and even, perhaps, work together toward a common goal. If you find it difficult to discuss political issues in a calm and constructive manner, it may be best to disengage from the conversation.Find meaningful ways to get involved in your community.  Identify issues that are important to you, and research organizations that work on those issues. Contact them and see how you can join their efforts. You could also consider getting involved in local politics, where it can be possible to see the direct impact of your efforts. Attend a city council meeting or a town hall meeting to listen to and share your ideas with elected officials. Taking active steps to address your concerns can lessen feelings of stress.Seek solace.  Faith-based organizations and other community organizations can provide vital emotional and spiritual support during stressful t imes. Engaging in soothing activities, such as meditation, progressive relaxation or mindfulness, can also help you connect to the present moment and find some peace.Take care of yourself.  Because stress can have a physical and emotional impact on your overall health, find activities you enjoy to help you recharge and reduce your stress, such as exercising, listening to your favorite music or spending time with close family and friends. It’s important to prioritize getting enough sleep, eating healthy foods, and avoiding ineffective coping mechanisms such as alcohol and substances use. If stress starts interfering with your  everyday routine for an extended period of time, or if you are unable to manage stress on your own, it might be time to see a psychologist or other licensed mental health professional. Psychologists are trained to understand the connection between the mind and body and can help you to identify problem areas and develop an action plan for changing them.

James Madison The First President Of The United States

James Madison was the smallest elected president of the United States; he measured 5 feet 4 inches and weighing less than 100 pounds. He was born on March 16, 1751 in Port Conway, Virginia. Madison Jr. was born in a family where tobacco planting was the main resource of income. His father James Madison Sr., owned a huge tobacco plantation with his mother Nelly Conway. Madison was the oldest of 10 children, and as a young kid he suffered from psychosomatic, epilepsy, and voice impairment. He believe that due to his health issues, he would die at a young age. Madison was a smart and brilliant man, he was home schooled until he was 12 years old. He attended a preparatory conducted by Donald Robertson. In the summer of 1769, James Madison attended the College of New Jersey also know as Princeton University. He there studied Geography, geometry, arithmetic, learned to speak Latin and Greek, and learned to read French. After he graduated in 1771 with a bachelor’s degree, he had to flee home due to his illness conditions worsening. At home, he would study law on his own with no intentions or beliefs of involvement. Without any idea, his life in politics began in 1776 when he was chosen to be in the Orange Country Committee of safety. This was a committee in which they would discuss subjects regarding the local militia. After this, he joined the local military forces where he obtained a glimpse of experience. He came to conclusion that due to his serious healthShow MoreRelatedThe First Five Presidents Of The United States Essay1596 Words   |  7 PagesThe first five presidents of the United States impacted the United States greatly and their names were George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe. The president I think that impacted the U.S the most was George Washington who was in office for eight years (1789-1797). George Washington who was the commander in chief and led the army in the Revolutionary War and gained freedo m from Great Britain at that time there was thirteen colonies in the United States. InRead MoreThe Life Of James Madison Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pages The Life of James Madison Madison Williams Central High School November 9, 2015 3rd Period  Abstract In my paper I will state and explain the least known aspects of James Madison. James Madison contributed to some of the most simple and complex events that have not been recognized. For his job well done, I am willing to make those aspects known. The Life of James Madison James Madison, also known as â€Å"The Father on the Constitution†, contributed to quite a few intellectual eventsRead MoreThe First Five Presidents Of The United States1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe first five presidents for the United States impacted the United States greatly and their names were George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe. The president I think that impacted the U.S the most was George Washington who was in office for eight years (1789-1797). George Washington who was the commander in chief and led the army in the Revolutionary War and gained freedom from Great Britain at that time there was thirteen colonies in the United States. InRead MoreThe Contributions Of James Madison1383 Words   |  6 PagesIn the United States of America, there have been 45 presidents with our current president being Donald Trump and the first president we had in 1789 was George Washington. Despite all the presidents that we have had in t he past, one of them that stands out a lot the most due to his contributions that he did to America, that person is our fourth president James Madison. James Madison was certainly, one of the smartest and thoughtful presidents, James Madison set the most important precedent in UnitedRead MoreGeorge Washington, John Adams, And Thomas Jefferson1322 Words   |  6 Pagesthis a list of US Presidents but it is also a list of three of the most well-known Founding Fathers. Yes, they have their reasons to be because each one of them have numerous achievements and have accomplished many things that others have not. But one Founding Father often over looked, and not just because he stands five feet four inches tall, is James Madison. With all due respect, James Madison has accomplishments that stand just as well against the test of time. James Madison to me is one of theRead MoreThe Founding Fathers : Virginia1589 Words   |  7 PagesIn March of 1751, James Madison was born in Port Conway, Virginia to Nellie and James Madison. Once he reached eighteen, Madison attended the College of New Jersey, more commonly known today as Princeton (â€Å"James Madison’s Biography†). During this time period, it was strange for a man to go beyond the colony for his education (â€Å"The Founding Fathers: Virginia†). However, Madison went against the social norm, which ultimately gave him an advantage by broadening his understandings of all the differentRead MoreJames Madison : Virginian Representative And Father Of The Constitution1174 Words   |  5 Pages272146 James Madison: Virginian Representative and Father of the Constitution James Madison, the son of a farmer, was nicknamed the â€Å"Father of the Constitution† (Garrett Ward, 2) (Garrett Ward, 2) for his large role in ratifying the Constitution. He was also very well-known for his Federalist ideals which still are followed in our government today. Not only did Madison aid to formulate the Constitution but he also made the frame for the Bill of Rights and became the 4th President of the UnitedRead MorePluralism And The Federalist Papers993 Words   |  4 PagesJames Madison has had such an incredible impact on U.S. politics, and to kick this final paper off, why not give a brief summary about James Madison’s work? First of all, James Madison was the fourth president of the United States. He helped out with the Continental Congress and was part of the Constitutional Convention where he presented his â€Å"Virginia Plan† (â€Å"James Madison†). But after all of that, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton teamed up and wrote The Federalist Papers. So, what are The FederalistRead MoreJames Madison : The Founding Father Of Our Nation1519 Words   |  7 PagesPresident James Madison Thesis: Even though James Madison faced opposition from the Anti-Federalists over the Constitution, his political convictions acquired in his early years in Virginia strengthened his arguments and led to the adoption of the Constitution, his two-term presidency, and his title as a founding father of our nation. Summary: James Madison was born in Virginia to wealthy planters, and owners of Montpelier plantation (Broadwater 1). Madison’s love of books led him to pursue an educationRead MoreLeading The War of 1812: Sir Isaac Brock and Tecumseh Essay example1621 Words   |  7 Pagesit’s president, James Madison. These three men all had powerful leadership roles and largely affected the War of 1812 and changed the future of North America. Tecumseh, the Shawnee war chief, James Madison, the United States President, and Sir Isaac Brock, the British commander of Canada, all had dreams for the future, and the War of 1812 would determine which of these would come true. Tecumseh wanted to preserve the land for his people and get the white men out of the Shawnee’s lives. James Madison

Throughout This Cultural Anthropology Class, One Consistent

Throughout this Cultural Anthropology class, one consistent theme was the concept of the state. This is essential because the state is one of the core societal structures that influences people. In the context of anthropology, the state is studied as an institution because it holds a substantial amount of power over its citizens. Additionally, the role of the state is perceived in different ways depending on the culture. In this article, entitled â€Å"Ambiguous States: Confucius Institutes and Chinese Soft Power in the U.S. Classroom,† by anthropologist Jennifer Hubbert, the idea of the state is explored from the perspective of a Chinese initiative, the Confucius Institute. During these programs, Chinese teachers came to the United States to†¦show more content†¦For this reason, the Chinese teachers rarely ever addressed politics or controversies in China, but focused on â€Å"†¦language lessons on such general topics as kinship, food, occupations, and the natu ral environment† (333). Therefore, many students and their parents thought that this lack of discussion about the politics of China in the educational material was in fact â€Å"†¦the epitome of politics itself† (336). They believed that the state was controlling the messages in the class in order to avoid certain topics purposely. As a result, the Confucius Institutes actually â€Å"†¦reinforced images of a state whose power is constructed through censorship and dictatorship† (335). While the students and parents developed this idea because of their American background and the corresponding view of China, the Chinese teachers offered an opposing view of their state. The American students and parents both did not want to hear about communism and were nervous about the lack of political discussion in the classroom. On the other hand, the Chinese teachers did not want to discuss politics because they felt that it would overshadow other aspects of China. As one teacher stated, â€Å"politics isn’t our whole life† (336). Instead, they shared personal experiences and stories about living in China, doing activities such as â€Å"†¦living in modern apartment complexes, dining in international chain restaurants, and wearingShow MoreRelatedThe Legal System Of Colonial Virginia1450 Words   |  6 PagesVirginia has garnered considerable debate within early-American historiography. At the center of this discussion is the question of when colonial authorities first introduced English common law, and to what extent justices followed it prior to 1660. The relatively limited amount of surviving primary sources has maintained this debate. Be ginning in the early twentieth century, and in each generation thereafter, this examination started anew as archival research uncovered new documents pertaining to Virginia’sRead MoreEssay on Medical Anthropology3843 Words   |  16 PagesMedical Anthropology Introduction and Description: My topic, Medical Anthropology, is a field of study that uses culture, religion, education, economics/infrastructure, history, and the environment as a means to evaluate and understand cross-cultural perspectives, components, and interpretations of the concept of health (Society for Medical Anthropology, pg. 1). To further introduce Medical Anthropology, I will reiterate highlights of my previous presentations. Early on in TurkeyRead MoreThe Legal System Of Colonial Virginia1645 Words   |  7 Pagesearly-American historiography. At the center of this discussion is the question of when colonial authorities first introduced English common law, and to what extent justices followed it prior to 1660. 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He is still prominent today for his many great contributions to the field of sociology, and though he has many revolutionary concepts, this essay will focusRead Moresociology4813 Words   |  20 Pagesfeatures of the cates system and thus provides a analytical view relative to other forms of social stratification. as we know that caste system maintain hirarchiacal order that is each caste is seperated from the other in terms of its ranking . this ranking was formed as a result of attributes of a caste. these attributes are :- 1. caste membership is acquired by birth hence the rank relative to other caste is determined at birth . 2. the ranking is done in terms of relations of superiority

financial accounting and the need for a conceptual framework Free Essays

The Asiatic crisis exploded in July 1997 and raised frights of planetary economic recession. It has exposed an unresolved job in the manner of fiscal globalisation that local accounting criterions used to fix fiscal statement did non run into international criterions. The authoritiess have realized the essentialness to better the supervising, ordinance and transparence of fiscal systems under the forces of fiscal globalisation. We will write a custom essay sample on financial accounting and the need for a conceptual framework or any similar topic only for you Order Now [ 1 ] Since the origin, the FASB has recognized the importance of aims of fiscal statements based on different fiscal criterions and the demand for a coherent system of interconnected aims and basicss. In fact, the Board has realized the concern of the external users, the people who use the statements so produced, about the credibleness of fiscal coverage in the recent old ages, and has criticized the undermentioned state of affairs[ 2 ]: Several methods of accounting can be used to reflect the same fact. Less conservative accounting methods are more progressively utilizing than earlier. Militias are used to smooth the earning fluctuation. Form is relevant over substance. The direction has used an averment of immateriality to warrant nondisclosure of unfavourable information or goings from criterions. Off-balance-sheet funding is common. To work out the confusion between different criterions and correct the fiscal accounting state of affairs, a conceptual model was promoted. The chief intent of the model is to increase the comprehensibility of fiscal coverage and the assurance of fiscal statement users. A conceptual model can be defined as: ‘A fundamental law, a coherent system of interconnected aims and basicss that can take to consistent criterions and that prescribes the nature, the map, and bounds of fiscal accounting and fiscal statement. The aims indentify the ends and the intents of accounting. The basicss are the implicit in constructs of accounting constructs that guide the choice of events to be accounted for, the measuring of those events and the agencies of sum uping and pass oning to interested parties. Concepts of that type are cardinal in the sense that other constructs flow from them and mention from them will be necessary in set uping, construing and using accounting and coverage criterions. ‘[ 3 ] Figure 1[ 4 ]shows the eight major constituents of the undertaking. Aims Elementss Recognition Measurement Fiscal Statements and Fiscal Coverage Net incomes Fundss Flows and Liquid Accounting Coverage Qualitative Features Figure 1 Conceptual Framework for Financial Accounting and Coverage Exhibit 6.3 shows the range of the conceptual model and lists the related paperss issued to 1982 by the FASB.[ 5 ] At the first degree, the aims indentify the end, the intent, the information and the restrictions of accounting. Statement of Financial Accounting Concept No.1 ( Objective Financial Reporting by Business Enterprises ) and No.4 ( Objective Financial Reporting by Non-business Organization ) present these of import elements of accounting for concern endeavors and non-business organisations severally. At the 2nd degree, the qualitative features of fiscal information ( Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No.2 ) and the elements of fiscal statements ( Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No.3 ) are included in the basicss. The four chief qualitative features are relevancy, dependability, comparison and comprehensibility which are related to the content of information and how the information is presented. Assetss, liabilities, ownership involvement, additions, losingss, parts by the proprietors and distributions to proprietors are described as the elements of fiscal statements. At the 3rd degree, the accountant uses the operational guidelines in advancing and using accounting criterions which include the acknowledgment standards, fiscal statements versus fiscal coverage and measuring ( Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.33 ) At the 4th degree, describing net incomes, describing financess flow and liquidness and describing fiscal place are included in the show mechanisms that accountant utilizations to show accounting information ( Elementss of Financial Statements No.3 ) .[ 6 ] In the followers, the chief degrees and constituents in the conceptual model for fiscal accounting will be briefly described. The Objective of fiscal statements The Statement of Principles follows the IASC Framework in the designation of seven user groups: Investors, Lenders, Suppliers, Employees, Customers, Government and other bureaus, and Public. The investor group is identified as the primary group for whom the fiscal statements are being prepared. The comptrollers have to make up one’s mind the information demands of which group are to be dominant, because there is merely one set of fiscal statements. The in formation should be satisfied in four facets: fiscal public presentation, fiscal place, coevals and usage of hard currency, and fiscal adaptability.[ 7 ] The qualitative features of fiscal information When sing about what makes fiscal information useful, the thought of materiality is the first coming into head. The materiality trial is regarded as a threshold quality for acknowledgment because there is no demand to be considered farther if any point is non material. Actually, the Statement of Principles contains four qualitative features of fiscal information about the content of information and how the information is presented. The two primary features about the content are relevant and dependable ; the other two related to presentation are apprehensible and comparable.[ 8 ] Recognition and Measurement Harmonizing to acknowledgment standards, the point is required to run into the definition of an component of fiscal statements and be relevant and dependable. With respect to measuring, the statement recognizes the five different properties of assets and liabilities presented in the treatment, historical cost, current replacing cost, current market value, net colony value and present value of future hard currency flows.[ 9 ] Decision From the Asiatic crisis, it is necessary to work out the open job in the manner of fiscal globalisation due to miss of an accounting theory. Then we trace the development of a conceptual model undertaking of the FASB, the regulator of fiscal accounting and coverage, and why the undertaking is needed. In the followers, briefly introduce the construction of the undertaking and depict the chief constituents in the conceptual model of fiscal accounting. How to cite financial accounting and the need for a conceptual framework, Essay examples

Policies to Minimize Negative Externalities

Table of Contents Introduction Objectives Conclusion References Introduction Production and consumption of goods and services contributes in different ways to the economy resulting to either economic growth or recession. According to Channon (1999), externalities involve the production and consumption of some products and services that give rise to harmful or beneficial effects to the user. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Policies to Minimize Negative Externalities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hirschey (2008) believes that exposure of employees to harsh working environment with unsatisfactory compensation can also be termed as negative externality. Externalities are types of market failures that exist when prices in a market do not reflect the true costs or benefits associated with consumption and production. Objectives The objective of this paper is to analyze ways of minimizing negative externalities s uch as emissions. This because of the complex definition of property rights in law. For instance, an industry could pollute the environment but will not bear the cost of the harmful effect, but it will pass its cost of cleaning to the community. Government intervention strategies can be used to reduce the impact of gas emission. The government can work with the community through regulating and influence decision-making by policy formulation and implementation of laws, like mandatory inspection of emission gases. Policies on bans on goods and services that lead to harmful effects on the environment should be enacted and backed by legal measures for lawbreakers. The government can also provide emission permits that enable the concerned party to emit a specified level of gas for a certain period. The government can impose taxes on products that pollute the environment. Secondly, the government can come up with public awareness policy in which it will stipulate measures of making the p ublic aware of the importance of reduced emissions and environmental conservation. Information is power and the moment consumers are aware of the benefits of environmental conservation, they will always act in favor of the environment and on the side that will benefit them as a community. Government intervention strategies are more economical, efficient and the implementation process is less demanding. The government has the power and machinery to implement every policy. What is required is the political will and all will be done (Nordhaus, 1991). When emission of gas is reduced, the rate of global warming is reduced. Less emission of gas preserves the environment and it reduces environmental degradation by toxic waste. The health of the community is improved as air pollution related deaths are minimized. Advertising Looking for essay on environmental law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Transaction Costs will be incurred thro ugh monitoring, enforcing, and negotiation of marketing activities. The government and the community would incur financial costs. Other costs incurred include sacrifices in terms of time and other resources used in environmental conservation through reduced emissions. Nordhaus (1991) believes that any level of gas emission (high or low) leaves the society worse off in terms of high costs of production accompanied by environmental damages. The level of negative externality should always be lower than positive externalities. Therefore, the cost benefit analysis should leave all stakeholders better off with more benefits than costs. Conclusion Appropriate environmental policies such as taxation and ban on harmful product manufacture can help reduce emissions of gases and negative effects to the environment. In addition, instead of focusing only on policies that reduce emission of gases, the state needs to put more emphasis on ways and mechanisms to cope and adapt to global warming. Re ferences Channon, F.D. (1999). The Blackwell encyclopedic dictionary of strategic management. Oxford. Wiley Blackwell Inc. Hirschey, M. (2008). Management economics. 12 Edn. Ohio, OH: Cengage Learning. Nordhaus, D.W. (1991). To slow or not to slow: The economics of the greenhouse effect. The Economic Journal, 101(407), 1-10. This essay on Policies to Minimize Negative Externalities was written and submitted by user P1erre to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Your guide to saving for retirementÂÂ

Your guide to saving for retirement   Have you ever heard the phrase â€Å"It’s never too soon to start planning for the future†? It’s a good rule of thumb, especially when it comes to financial planning and saving for retirement. Sure, you may be at the very beginning of your career journey. You might feel as if it’s too soon for you to have to think about this subject, and that you have plenty of time to worry about planning for your retirement down the road. Still, it might be worth your time to reconsider when you should start. The truth is, most people put off saving for retirement way too long, and the end result is endless anxiety and fear that they’re ill-equipped to afford retirement. Unfortunately, in many cases, they may be correct.According to a recent Business Insider article, Americans just aren’t saving enough for retirement. Based on a study of over 5,000 individuals conducted by Merrill Lynch and Age Wave, one-third of all adults have zero retirement savings and 23% have less than $10,000 tucked away,  an insufficient sum to last through one’s retirement years- especially considering that advances in health care and elder care are making it easier to live longer lives. The article reports that the average American’s retirement goal is to have â€Å"security and the ability to live comfortably without fear of running out of money,† yet they are not doing the type of planning and saving required to make that a reality. Business Insider reports that the major reasons why so many folks struggle with retirement planning are as follows:Most people don’t have any financial role models.  Half of pre-retirees age 50 and older say they don’t have any positive role models when it comes to handling finances. Though some say they can turn to a parent or financial adviser for advice, 40% still don’t understand basic terms associated with retirement savings, such as IRA and 401(k).Most people consider money to o taboo to discuss openly.  Even in the era of Facebook oversharing, 57% of Americans still consider money a distinctly private matter. However, this mindset is shifting: In every category, millennials were more open to discussing taboo topics than people 50 and older.Financial decisions are second-guessed more than any other major life decision.  The study found that 39% of people think twice about money decisions more than anything else. Only 18% of people give pause to career-related choices above all else, and even fewer- a mere 15%- second-guess decisions about their health the most.You don’t have to have all of the retirement planning answers when you’re just starting out, especially since your financial needs, plans, and resources will likely evolve over time. That said, it is a good idea to start building responsible financial habits and behaviors early on and to always operate under the mindset that the money you earn is a valuable commodity and resource t hat you should treat responsibly. And above all- don’t forget that time tends to fly by faster than you think. Retirement isn’t quite as far off as it might seem.Consider taking advantage of the following strategies to help you jumpstart your retirement-saving planning.Get comfortable with saving.There’s an unfortunate tendency among young adults who are just starting out in their professional paths to treat each paycheck as a reservoir of disposable income, a specific amount of money that they have to spend until the next paycheck arrives. It’s a bad idea to get used to treating your income this way. But once it becomes a habit, it’s a tough one to break.Instead, try getting used to saving a percentage of your paycheck each week. 10% is a good place to start for most individuals. It’s okay to start small; the goal here is to get comfortable with the notion of saving. Try increasing the amount you save over time, or whenever your take home p ay increases. Do your best to avoid dipping into this growing pool of money for discretionary purposes. However, if you do hit an unexpected and unavoidable life expense, you’ll have this money to help see you through if needed.Explore workplace retirement savings options.The good news is that many companies offer retirement savings options as part of their employee benefit packages. Do you know what your options are? If not, spending some time researching your benefits or talking to an HR professional at your company is a wise investment. If your company offers a 401(k) savings plan, and any sort of fund matching benefit (even better), it’s certainly in your best interest to take advantage of the plan as soon as possible. Once you get through the initial paperwork to enroll, your contributions will be automatic- all you need to do is keep an eye on it periodically and make adjustments as needed. The value of your 401(k) will build over time, so it stands to reason tha t the earlier you start, the more money you’ll have saved for retirement down the road. Trust us, you’ll thank us later.Explore additional retirement savings options.Contributing to your company 401(k) is a great idea, but it’s often not enough- depending on your retirement needs, your plans should include some level of diversification. Although your may just be beginning to explore your retirement savings options, it’s never too early to get comfortable with the various investment vehicles available to you. These include stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and a Roth IRA account, in addition to your personal savings and 401(k). Once again, the key is diversification- spreading out your money in various areas in an effort to reduce your overall risk exposure in any one area.We recommend that you learn about how these investment tools work in general and how you can make them work for you as part of your long-term investment portfolio. There’s a wealth of research and information available online, and you may want to consult a financial professional to help you get started. As your savings grow, consider using one of these investment tools to allow your money to grow over time.Are you ready?Just thinking of retirement can be scary, let alone trying to figure out how to make it financially feasible. If you’re just getting started in your professional journey, the good news is that you do have some time to thoughtfully prepare for how to save for retirement- but the sooner you start, the better off you’ll ultimately be. Use the strategies presented here to help you kick start your retirement planning. Best of luck!

pH, pKa, Ka, pKb, and Kb Explained

pH, pKa, Ka, pKb, and Kb Explained There are related scales in chemistry used to measure how acidic or basic a solution is and the strength of acids and bases. Although the pH scale is most familiar, pKa, Ka, pKb, and Kb are common calculations that offer insight into acid-base reactions. Heres an explanation of the terms and how they differ from each other. What Does the p Mean? Whenever you see a p in front of a value, like pH, pKa, and pKb, it means youre dealing with a -log of the value following the p. For example, pKa is the -log of Ka. Because of the way the log function works, a smaller pKa means a larger Ka. pH is the -log of hydrogen ion concentration, and so on. Formulas and Definitions for pH and Equilibrium Constant pH and pOH are related, just as Ka, pKa, Kb, and pKb are. If you know pH, you can calculate pOH. If you know an equilibrium constant, you can calculate the others. About pH pH is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration, [H], in an aqueous (water) solution. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A low pH value indicates acidity, a pH7 is neutral, and a high pH value indicates alkalinity. The pH value can tell you whether youre dealing with an acid or a base, but it offers limited value indicating the true strength of the acid of a base. The formula to calculate pH and pOH are: pH - log [H] pOH - log [OH-] At 25 degrees Celsius: pH pOH 14 Understanding Ka and pKa Ka, pKa, Kb, and pKb are more helpful for predicting whether a species will donate or accept protons at a specific pH value. They describe the degree of ionization of an acid or base and are true indicators of acid or base strength because adding water to a solution will not change the equilibrium constant. Ka and pKa relate to acids, while Kb and pKb deal with bases. Like pH and pOH, these values also account for hydrogen ion or proton concentration (for Ka and pKa) or hydroxide ion concentration (for Kb and pKb). Ka and Kb are related to each other through the ion constant for water, Kw: Kw Ka x Kb Ka is the acid dissociation constant. pKa is simply the -log of this constant. Similarly, Kb is the base dissociation constant, while pKb is the -log of the constant. The acid and base dissociation constants are usually expressed in terms of mole per liter (mol/L). Acids and bases dissociate according to general equations: HA H2O ⇆ A-Â   H3OHB H2O ⇆ B OH- In the formulas, A stands for acid and B for base. Ka [H][A-]/ [HA]pKa - log Kaat half the equivalence point, pH pKa -log Ka A large Ka value indicates a strong acid because it means the acid is largely dissociated into its ions. A Large Ka value also means the formation of products in the reaction is favored. A small Ka value means little of the acid dissociates, so you have a weak acid. The Ka value for most weak acids ranges from 10-2 to 10-14. The pKa gives the same information, just in a different way. The smaller the value of pKa, the stronger the acid. Weak acids have a pKa ranging from 2-14. Understanding Kb and pKb Kb is the base dissociation constant. The base dissociation constant is a measure of how completely a base dissociates into its component ions in water. Kb [B][OH-]/[BOH]pKb -log Kb A large Kb value indicates the high level of dissociation of a strong base. A lower pKb value indicates a stronger base. pKa and pKb are related by the simple relation: pKa pKb 14 What Is pI? Another important point is pI. This is the isoelectric point. It is the pH at which a protein (or another molecule) is electrically neutral (has no net electrical charge).

Writing in the Visual Age Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Writing in the Visual Age - Research Paper Example While some emphasize the need to essentially teach rhetorical analysis of images to the students of a writing class, others advocate the importance of aural or textual messages by claiming that no matter how skillfully designed, pictures or images should not be considered to be more capable both emotionally and informatively in comparison to words. Those favoring the newly introduced development of visual rhetoric stress on the importance of photographs and deem them as elements significantly capable of providing more obvious evidence to the public. This paper is basically an attempt to explain why visual rhetoric should be taught as part of a writing class while also acknowledging the opposing ideas put forward by critics weighing the credibility of visual rhetoric in a writing class. This paper will also include some suggestions about how effective actions could be made to enhance the position and validity of visual rhetoric in context of composition studies. This is important beca use though some people might be able to institute change on some levels, it again leaves many educationists and teachers to deal with depressing frustration when visual communication fails to stick for long. I... isually demonstrate how Europe brought the light of literacy and humanity to the dark land of Congo, she filled the star in the flag with very meaningful images of slavery and explorers and the blue field around it with several though-provoking and informative images of old African art. Such useful incorporation of visual rhetoric not only must have delivered more inspirational, interesting, informative, and emotional lesson to the class but it also must have made the whole class remember the logic behind the flag’s design for a longer period. This is understandable as in contrast to a teacher who likes to simply stand behind the rostrum sticking to very conventional and orthodox teaching strategies is certainly much less likely to convey a deeper understanding of a subject to his/her students than a teacher who prefers to institute change and benefit from strategies like using visual rhetoric to demonstrate the meaning and logic behind a concept. Majority of the researchers a t the Wharton School of Business concluded after comparing verbal presentations to visual presentations that â€Å"presenters who combined visual and verbal components were more persuasive† (MacroVU, Inc.). Students are much more likely to reason with a complex dilemma which might be puzzling them when teachers feel motivated to visually explain the confusing parts which is why visual rhetoric should be taught as part of a writing class. It is claimed by Williams in support of the visual mode of communication that this mode literally challenges the people to both see and perceive an image in many different new ways unlike verbal or textual messages (18). Visual communication is the name of a very reasonable and self-evident strategy which should not be underestimated. The research stresses that

The Impact of Disruption to Sleep Patterns in the Intensive Care Unit Essay

The Impact of Disruption to Sleep Patterns in the Intensive Care Unit - Essay Example One indisputable fact is that lack of sleep affects the health and progress of the healing for patients in the ICU. A study on the impacts of sleep disruptions in the ICU indicated that the nature of sleep patterns in a nursing environment has some significant associations with the mortality rates (Friese, 2007, p. 1210). Nursing institutions that promote good sleep habits for patients in the ICU have also shown significant reductions in the levels of mortality. On the other hand, nursing institutions that do not have any structures for promoting good sleep habits were also associated with high mortality rates. The findings of this study were consistent with other findings that showed a positive association between the states of health of patients in the ICU with the number of hours of sleep that the patients managed to get (Friese, 2007, p. 1212). For instance, these findings showed that most of the patients who managed to get uninterrupted sleep were able to respond faster and bett er to treatment than those who were occasionally interrupted by the nurses or other factors. Discussion Various studies have developed an association between the rate of patients’ readmission to the nursing homes and the disruptions to the sleep patterns (Patel, Chipman, Carlin & Shade, 2008, p. 309; Patel, Chipman, Carlin & Shade, 2008, p. 310). Some of the inferences drawn from this study are that the sleep patterns of the patients in the ICU promoted the natural defences of the body, thus, allowing the patients to develop long-terms health stability. These associations are also consistent with other studies that have established the existence of positive influences between long term health balances of individuals to the quality of sleep that they receive (Eliassen & Hopstock, 2011, p. 140). Opinions of some nursing experts suggest that the promotion of environmental conditions that support quality sleeping patterns is more sustainable than interventions that involve the us e of sleep inducers. Patients who are occasionally subjected to sleep inducers often lapse into delirium after a short while and may require stronger inducers in order for them to acquire the same amount of sleep (Patel, Chipman, Carlin & Shade, 2008, p. 310). Some of the studies have established a connection between the impairment of the body’s ability to combat infections (Eliassen & Hopstock, 2011; Friese, 2007). Quality sleep strengthens the immune system and provides the enabling environment for the functioning of the defensive mechanism of the body. Poor sleeping patterns are usually associated with prolonged healing and negative responses to the treatment processes. Patients who fail to get sufficient sleep are also likely to suffer from hallucinations and unstable psychological states. This is because the state of a patient’s mental balance is affected by the kind of pressure and strain that occur during the period of wakefulness. In order for a patient in the ICU to develop the necessary defences, it is necessary to develop a stable sleeping schedule with sufficient time that would allow for the release of the strain and pressure that operate at the mental level. The role of nurses in mitigating the adverse

Franklin Delano Roosevelt FDR :: Biography Biographies Bio

Franklin Delano Roosevelt In March 1933 Franklin Delano Roosevelt became the 32nd president of the United States. During his presidency he was the only president in America's history to hold office for four terms. He led America during the Great Depression and World War II. Franklin Roosevelt was head of the powerful Democratic Party which controlled American politics for thirty years. Roosevelt was a controversial leader in his time, some people admired him and others despised him, but today he is considered to be one of the greatest American presidents. Franklin Roosevelt was born on January 30, 1882 in Hyde Park, New York. Franklin's father, James Roosevelt, married Sara Delano (Franklin's mother) in 1880 several years after his first wife had died. Sara had been only 26 at the time of the marriage while James had been 52. They had a happy marriage until James died in 1900. Franklin was treated as an only child when he was born because his half brother was an adult by then. His parents sheltered and spoiled young Franklin. His parents kept him in dresses and long curls until he was five years old. During the summers Franklin went with his parents to Europe, the seaside of New England, or to the Campobello Island off the Coast of New Brunswick. Since he spent many summers by the sea Franklin Roosevelt developed an interest in sailing. Franklin Roosevelt was home schooled by governesses and tutors until he was fourteen years old. He then attended Groton School in Massachusetts between 1896 and 1900. Franklin's academic record was average and he did not excel at sports either. Some of his class mates called him the "feather duster" because he seemed priggish but that was mostly due to the sheltered life he had led. Franklin then went on to attend Harvard until 1904. His academic record was again average but he finished his B.A. in three years. During his fourth year at Harvard he was editor of the college newspaper, Crimson. Franklin was never very motivated about school. Franklin soon became engaged to Eleanor Roosevelt, a fifth cousin who was once removed. They married on March 17, 1905 despite Sara Delano's objections. They had five children, one girl and four boys. All four of the boys would later serve as officers in World War II. They were all also decorated for bravery. Eleanor Roosevelt discovered in 1918 that Franklin was having an affair with her social secretary, Lucy Mercer.

Macbeth: The Struggle Against Evil Essay

Thesis Statement: In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the character Macbeth constantly battles against his evil nature. As the play progresses, Macbeth seems to have become a completely evil tyrant, but he never fully ends his struggle against evil. Introduction I. Macbeth: a noble and virtuous character II. Struggle with temptation and evil A. Witches B. Himself C. Lady Macbeth III. Murder of Duncan A. Before the murder B. Effects of the murder IV. Murder of Banquo V. Murder of Macduff’s family VI. Lasting nobility and signs of conscience Conclusion William Shakespeare’s primary source for Macbeth was Holinshed’s History of Scotland. The fictional character, Macbeth, is based mainly on the actual Macbeth who Holinshed writes about. This Scottish play is, â€Å"Shakespeare’s chief tragic gift to the world at large† (Jonson, Beaumont, Fletcher 279). Although it is his shortest play, it is often considered to be his best. In it he depicts the â€Å"corruption of a soul† in a way that both excites us, yet at the same time brings fear to us (Jonson, Beaumont, Fletcher 279). He is a character with whom, we are strangely able to identify, and whose destruction we cannot watch without feelings of fright and pity (Alden 276). It is a play, which becomes the personal tragedy of Macbeth, a noble character whose flaws cause his downfall. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the character Macbeth constantly battles against his evil nature. As the play progresses, Macbeth seems to have become a completely evil tyrant, but he never fully ends his struggle against evil. Initially, Macbeth is portrayed as a brave, noble, and loyal man. He is well known and praised by many, including Duncan, the King of Scotland, who praises him for his loyalty and successes in battle. Macbeth seems to be the quintessence of nobility. Walter Curry states, â€Å"He knows what it is to be actively loyal to king and country, to accept duty, to promote justice, amity, and piety† (112). Before meeting the witches, he seems to have a â€Å"definite disposition†, to be resolute in his choices, and free from ambiguity (Curry 104). According to Raymond Alden, â€Å"The principle point is that Macbeth is presented to us at the outset in a nobly attractive form and is actually, in some sense, a good man† (276). When he meets the witches, they help instill evil thoughts into his mind. They see, â€Å"what passions drive him and what dark desires await their fostering† (Curry 116). He struggles with these evil thoughts which are already rooted within him. His real temptation begins after hearing Johnson 2 the witches’ predictions saying that he will become king. Curry says that the witches’ prophecy, â€Å"arouses his passions and inflames his imagination to the extent that nothing is but what is not† (78). Realizing his flaws in character and that he wants the kingdom, they feed his strong sense of ambition and self-love. Curry explains that the witches, â€Å"symbolize a secret world of evil spirits that with satanic cunning lie in wait for human souls, conquering the unguarded heart and rejoicing in hurling their victim to the dust of misery and sin†(57). Their purpose is, â€Å"to stimulate Macbeth’s imagination to the point of grasping some underlying emotional, moral, or intellectual content† (Curry 55). Through their temptation, the witches are able to confuse and corrupt his judgement so that he is lead towards choosing the means to reach his desired goal, to become king. After the first appearance of the witches, Macbeth’s pride and ambition begin to overcome him. Evil thoughts of how he could obtain the crown run through his mind. He really begins to go through an internal struggle against evil. Curry says that he is too concerned not with, â€Å"attaining the ultimate good, but of flattering his inordinate love of self† (113). He is incapable of using correct judgement and making a reasonable decision. He knows that to become king, he will have to commit murder. He is very sensible and thinks about what the consequences of his actions would be. He still has a strong sense of conscience; although, his ambition is beginning to overtake him. Alden observes that Macbeth’s evil thoughts are, â€Å"in the making, instead of ready made; and they struggle against that sense of their vileness which we have already observed† (277). Duncan is a good and virtuous king; he is also Macbeth’s cousin. The power of his ambition is demonstrated when he says, â€Å"I have no spur / to prick the sides of Johnson 3 my intent but / vaulting ambition, which oerleaps itself / and falls on th’ other† (1.7.25-28). â€Å"Vaulting ambition† is his chief character flaw and his only reason to kill the king. Edward Dowden points out that, â€Å"Shakespeare does not believe in any sudden transformation of a noble and loyal soul into that of a traitor and murderer† (223). Macbeth’s conscience still bothers him, even though he knows what course of action he should take. After much contemplation, he resolves not to kill Duncan, but his decision doesn’t last long. Evil thoughts overcome him. Lady Macbeth is also seen as an evil with which he struggles against. She understands Macbeth very well and knows exactly how to manipulate him. She knows that he is a good man. This is demonstrated to us when she says, â€Å"Yet I do fear thy nature; / It is too full o’ th’ milk of human kindness / To catch the nearest way. Thou wouldst be great, / Art not without ambition, but without / the illness should attend it† ( 1.5.16-20). She also knows that he will probably not go through with his plans without her pressuring and influencing him to go through with them. She decides that she must rid of anything that interferes with him becoming king. Macbeth tells her that he has decided not to kill the king and she becomes infuriated. She knows that he is a very proud man, so by questioning his manhood she is able to convince him to kill the king. According to Curry, â€Å"He dares do all that may become a man. And it is precisely this established foundation of his self-esteem that Lady Macbeth assaults. She charges him with unmasculine weakness and contemptible cowardice† (118). She is a very influential force upon him and holds much power. Macbeth succumbs to the temptation and evil of his wife. Even though he has given into the temptation and evil, he continues to have a strong sense of conscience and fears the evil act which he is soon going to commit. Johnson 4 Macbeth goes through a major struggle with his guilt and conscience when he commits his first murder, the murder of Duncan. Wilson Knight observes that, â€Å"He himself is hopelessly at a loss, and has little idea as to why he is going to murder Duncan† (121). Macbeth is nervous and feels very guilty about murdering him. He feels so guilty that he even becomes delusional and starts imagining things. His regretting conscience and struggle against evil is demonstrated to us when directly after murdering him, he hears voices saying, â€Å"Glamis hath murdered sleep, and therefore Cawdor / Shall sleep no more: Macbeth shall sleep no more† (2.2.41-42). He is very remorseful and doesn’t want to think about the evil act which he has just committed. His remorse and conscience is shown after killing Duncan when he says, â€Å"This is a sorry sight† (2.2.20). He is very rattled and on edge because of his sins. Beginning after the first murder, there is a dramatic change in the Macbeth’s character. Curry says, â€Å"It is a profound alteration in the state of his personality, an astounding dislocation of the very center of being, which fixes itself immediately in a habit inclining to further crime† (104). After murdering Duncan, it’s as if the good in him begins to diminish. He starts to lose some of his conscience and begins transforming into an almost evil character. Curry quotes Thomas Aquinas in saying, â€Å"when man through one sinful act loses honor, charity, or shame, or anything else that withdraws him from evil, he thereby falls into another sin, the first being the accidental cause of the second† (119). He becomes less concerned with conscience, and more concerned with completing what he has already begun: â€Å"I am in blood stepped so far that, should I wade no more, returning were as tedious as go o’er† (3.5.37- ). He feels like it is too late for him to turn back now, and that he has nothing left to lose at this point. Johnson 5 It becomes easier for Macbeth to commit the second and third murders. A â€Å"train† of sins and crimes follow the first crime he commits (Curry 120). The second murder is the murder of Banquo. Banquo was one of his close colleagues but his, â€Å"wracking passions, frayed nerves, and inordinate apprehension of the imagination,† have led him to believe that Banquo’s knowledge Could be a possible threat to him (Curry 127). He built it up in his mind that Banquo was the main source of all his problems and a very significant threat to his kingdom. Thinking that doing evil will be easier if he does it quickly, he says, â€Å"The very firstlings of my heart shall be / The firstlings of my hand† (4.1.147-148). Taking this irrational course of action leads to the third murder that Macbeth commits, the murder of Macduff’s family. Macduff is one of the main people who oppose Macbeth and pose a major threat. Without any rational reason, and in a rage of anger, he surprises Macduff’s castle and kills everyone in his family. By this time it seems as if so many of his sins have built up, and that almost all of the goodness which he initially had has left him. He remains an almost completely evil tyrant. Although finally, it seems like there is no goodness and nobility remaining in him, there is. Macbeth never fully allows himself to become entirely evil. There are still lasting signs of conscience and virtue shown in his character. Curry explains, † Macbeth remains essentially human and his conscience continues to witness the diminution of his being. There is still left necessarily some natural good in him; sin cannot completely deprive him of his rational nature, which is the root of his inescapable inclination to virtue†(133). Even when Macbeth is about to die, he demonstrates nobility by not killing himself or giving up. He also did not want to kill Macduff because he felt guilty about spilling so much of his blood already. This shows his Johnson 6 lasting conscience and virtue. Thomas Aquinas is quoted as stating that, â€Å"no human being can become completely evil† (Curry 89). Initially, it is easy to see all of Macbeth’s good virtues, but later after he has committed all of his evil acts, it becomes very difficult. It’s almost as if the evil takes over and becomes second nature to him, but not quite. Doing the evil acts is always difficult for him, and through it all he is able to maintain his conscience and some virtues. He never becomes completely evil because of his conscience, which causes a great deal of mental suffering. The good in him is never fully destroyed, and we hold admiration for him even up to the time of his death: â€Å"Macbeth’s language is the grave utterance of the very heart, conscience-sick, even to the last faintings of moral death† (Jonson, Beaumont, Fletcher 230). Works Cited Alden, Raymond. Shakespeare. New York: Duffield, 1922. Curry, Walter C. Shakespeare’s Philosophical Patterns. Ann Arbor: LSU UP, 1959. Dowden, Edward. Shakespeare: A Critical Study of His Mind and Art. New York: Harper, 1880. Jonson, Ben, Beaumont, and Fletcher. Shakespeare. Liverpool: Howell, 1874. Knight, Wilson. The Wheel of Fire: Interpretations of Shakespearean Tragedy. New York: Meridian, 1957. Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Literature, Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes: The British Tradition. Ed. Ellen Bowler et al. Saddle River, New Jers4ey: Prentice, 1999. 272-361.

Sigificance Of The Apollo 11 Mission - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1773 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/08/15 Category Statistics Essay Level High school Tags: Apollo 11 Essay Did you like this example? Apollo 11On May 25, 1961, John F. Kennedy set the goal of landing the first men on the moon. This began project Apollo. The men who served on the project were brave, determined men. The project faced many obstacles including Apollo 1, where every soul was lost. But through all the challenges, mistakes were learned from, making the Apollo 11 mission successful. The men on Apollo 11, Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins, are examples of true American heroes; alongside the rest of the astronauts. Mission goals  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Apollo 11 was to be the first manned mission to the moon. This, however, was not their only objective. In addition, they would perform scientific exploration, transmit radio waves to earth, place seismic monitors, and collect lunar rock samples (Apollo 11 mission overview). Indeed this mission would not only be a great success, but it would also pave the way for future space travel and more moon landings. The Previous Missions  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Sigificance Of The Apollo 11 Mission" essay for you Create order Apollo 1 was supposed to be the first manned Apollo mission. However, on January 27, 1967, during a preflight test, a fire broke out in the command module. This killed the entire crew (Apollo Missions).   The cause of the casualties was later determined to be from a faulty door that trapped the crew.   Even though this was a tragic accident it possibly saved many future lives. After NASA found the problem, they were able to fix it so it wouldnt happen again.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Apollo 7 was a test of the command module and the service module (Apollo Missions). The crew launched from Kennedy Space Center on October 11, 1968, and they returned on October 22, 1968. The tests ran as planned, except for a few minor bumps. Shortly after takeoff, one of the crew members developed a cold, and the rest of the crew soon caught the cold. This caused some concern with wearing helmets during reentry because the pressure of sneezing might blow out their eardrums.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Apollo 8 was a test of the communication and path correction systems (Apollo Missions). Apollo 8s other objective was to orbit the moon. On the morning of December 21, 1968, Apollo 8 launched. On December 24,   Apollo 8 allowed the first humans to see the dark side of the moon. Then on December 27, Apollo 8 reentered the Earths Atmosphere and was picked up by the USS Yorktown.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Apollo 9 had the final test mission. Its task was to test the lunar lander. To do this, they would maneuver it in space and redock to the command module (Apollo Missions). On March 3, 1969, Apollo 9 launched from Kennedy Space Center.   Schweickart, the crews lunar module pilot, was supposed to have an   EVA, leave the spacecraft to test the external rescue techniques. This was canceled though due to nausea. This luckily was the only dilemma the crew faced on the mission.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Apollo 10 was the last mission before Apollo 11. On May 18, 1969, Apollo 10 launched. The goal was to fully simulate the Apollo 11 mission except for the actual landing (Apollo Missions). Instead of landing they started the decent, but before they touched down, they fired the return rockets and docked to the command module. Scary Moments  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     For Apollo 11, everything went smoothly until the actual landing came. As soon as the lunar lander separated from the command module the problems came. When the LM separated, communications immediately got fuzzy and at times went out. But that wasnt the only problem, during the decent an alarm went off.   The alarm was basically saying that the computer had too much to do, so it would shut down and restart. Back on the ground,   Houston was scrambling to figure the alarm out.   Houston said to go on, but this wasnt the last of their problems (Pyle).   As Armstrong and Aldrin got closer, they realized they had overshot the landing zone and the area around them was full of craters.   Realizing this, Armstrong leveled off and searched for a level place to land.   Armstrong located a level patch, but their fuel was running short. At about 100 ft off the ground,   Houston radioed that they had 60 seconds of fuel left, and abortion was considered.   At about 10 ft they were down to 30 seconds, but finally, the Eagle landed. Even though they had landed their troubles didnt stop. Houston detected a high amount of pressure in the left fuel line. It seemed as though the coldness of the   lunar landscape had seeped in and made an ice blockage (Pyle). As Houston considered what to do, the heat from the engine melted the ice and the problem was solved.   After 3 hours of post landing checks, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were ready to set foot on the moon. They started to depressurize the module.   When the pressure monitor read 0, they tried to open the door.   For some reason the door wouldnt open. The pressure in the cabin was still too much to open.   Aldrin resorted to peeling the door back. Finally they could leave, however as Armstrong was climbing out his backpack snapped off the engine arming switch.   This was fixed by Armstrong who used a ballpoint pen to flip the lever.Accomplishments  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Apollo 11 was obviously the first mission to land on the moon, but that wasnt all they did. While they were there, they collected soil and rock samples.   They also took color photos and planted the American flag. During the 2 ?   hours they were there, they conducted experiments too. These included experiments on the soil, the surface, and the solar winds (Apollo 11). The Astronauts  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Neil A. Armstrong was born on August 5, 1930. At the age of 2,   he developed a fascination with flying after his father took him to the national flying competition in Cincinnati. It grew even more after his first flight (Biographies of the Apollo 11 Astronauts).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He received a scholarship from the Navy and enrolled at Purdue University. In 1950 he got called into active service, and he became an aviator flying missions off of the USS Essex. After the war, Neil became a test pilot and engineer for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, for 15 years.   Then in 1962, Neil became an astronaut during the second round of the NASA selection process. His first space flight was Gemini 8, the missions leading up to Apollo.   During the mission,   they were supposed to link up to the previous mission.   The link up went okay.   But after the two ships linked, they started to roll out of control. He saved the flight by unlinking and using the retro rockets to correct their course ( biographies of the Apollo 11 Astronauts).  Ã‚   Due to these incidents where he showed leadership, he was chosen to be the commander of Apollo 11 and the first man on the moon. After Neil landed back on Earth,   he was greeted with ticker tape parades a nd the Medal of Freedom, the highest award a civilian can receive.   After he left NASA,   he became a professor of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Cincinnati.   Then unfortunately on August 25, 2012, he died of complications from a cardiovascular bypass surgery.   Edwin (Buzz) E. Aldrin was born on January 20, 1930. He Attended the US Military Academy at West Point, and he entered the airforce. He was sent to Korea where he flew F-68s (biographies of the Apollo Astronauts).   Then during 1963,   he was selected in the third round pick to become an astronaut. His first mission was on Gemini 12, it was a four day and fifty-nine revolution flight.   He was a key member of the Gemini project because he helped to solve the problem of linking up in space.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Buzz Aldrin was the lunar lander pilot for the Apollo 11 flight. He was the second man on the moon.   Buzz stepped foot on the moons surface 20 minutes after Neil Armstrong. After he left NASA, he returned to the air force for one more year before retiring.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Michael Collins was born on October 30, 1930, in Rome, Italy. Prior to joining NASA, he was a test and fighter pilot at   Edwards Air Force Base, California. He was then selected during the third round of the NASA astronaut selection process.   He piloted the 10 Gemini mission, and he became the third American to perform a space walk (Biographies of the Apollo 11 Astronauts). On the Apollo 11 flight,   he was the command module pilot.   His role would be to remain with the command module in lunar orbit.   In 1970,   he left NASA and became Assistant Secretary of State of Public Affairs.   Later he joined the Smithsonian Institute as the Director of the Air and Space Museum (Biographies of the Apollo 11 Astronauts). Today he is an aerospace consultant and writer.   He has written several books about his experiences and space.   The Legacy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 2009, the National Air and Space Museum held a gala in honor of the 40th anniversary of Apollo 11. The speakers included every Apollo 11 astronaut (Redd).   Later when the astronauts offered autographs, the line stretched across the entire museum floor.   President George Bush announced that in honor of the 40th anniversary the U.S.A would go back to the moon; unfortunately we have not yet realized that promise.   Sadly 3 years later Neil Armstrong passed away. Now with the 50th anniversary, semicentennial, approaching in 2019, many special events will take place. The US Mint is preparing a special 50th anniversary coin to mark the occasion.   The National Air and Space Museum is redoing its moon exhibit in honor of this anniversary (Redd). In addition,   for the first time since 1971,   the Columbia Spacecraft, the triangular part that sat atop the command module, is going on tour with stops in Houston, St. Lewis, Pittsburgh, and Seattle. CONCLUSION This year, the remaining astronauts, Buzz and Michael, will turn 88. As astronauts age and pass away,   we must keep their memory and legacy alive. What they did, not only made America the leader in space, but united the world and connected nations. Today there is an International Space Station, where many countries live and work together.   What they did on the moon not only was a great accomplishment, but fulfilled dreams. They helped us find out more about who we are, our place in the universe.   They lead the way for millions who looked up to them and wanted to be just like them, inspiring many to shoot for their stars and be determined to reach their goals. Indeed they were just men and they didnt do it all on their own, but they were brave, determined,   and courageous. They didnt do it for the fame and rewards.  Ã‚   They had a dream and were gutsy enough to get in a rocket, launch themselves up into space, and land on the moon, with no guarantee of being able to mak e it back alive.   These astronauts were heroes who made this country and world proud.   The Apollo 11 mission was the crown jewel of the Space Race and will always be remembered throughout history.